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The experiment was conducted to assess the sensitivity of potato yield to dif-ferent irrigation levels at different growth stages. Irrigation levels were determined as percentages (WI 100% as readily available water to the crop (RAW)), and for the rest of the treatments (WII 75%, WIII 50%), as they were applied separately to all four stages of crop growth i.e., vegetative (SI), tuber initiation (SII), tuber bulking SIII, and tuber matu-ration (SIV). The design of complete random sectors was adopted to perform the experi-ments. The results revealed that all the studied parameters: plant height (cm), vegetation plant weight (g), number of tubers per plant, tuber weight (g), tuber yield (ton/ha), and crop water productivity (kg/m3) varied among irrigation water levels at different stages of growth. It was found that the two stages, SII and SIII in potato crops, were more sensitive to deficit irrigation compared to other stages. According to the obtained results, in the case of water abundance conditions, the treatment WII SI can be applied to obtain the highest water crop productivity. In conditions of water scarcity, it becomes necessary to apply the treatment WIII SIII to obtain the highest crop water productivity.

Abstract— Ninety-four rock samples were taken from the Middle to Late Devonian Awaynat Wanin, Early Carboniferous Marar, Late Carboniferous Assedjefar formations. The cuttings of Assedjefar Marar and Awaynat Wanin Formations collected from two wells, in the A1-163 oil field, locateed in the Murzuq Basin. RockEval Pyrolysis, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and molecular biomarker (via the use of chromatographymass spectrometry, GC-MS) as geochemical parameters were applied to find out the types of kerogen, depositional conditions and level of organic matter maturity for representative samples. Such Formations are poor to excellent quantity of organic matter. Results of TOC related with remaining generation potential (S2) and hydrogen index (HI) data showed that the organic matter attributed to Type II/III and Type III kerogen (gas and oilprone organic matter), as well connected to S1 parameter indicated indigenous hydrocarbon exist. Ratios data of individual hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, isoprenoids and biomarkers parameters of Triterpanes and steranes indicate non-marine with marine organic matter deposited under non-marine conditions for Awaynat Wanin samples while Marar and Assedjiefar Formations deposited in nonmarine to deltaic conditions. The maturity data from Tmax, spore colour index and biomarker related parameters based on terpanes, steranes, and low molecular-weight hydrocarbons indicate the studied rocks are ranged from immature to mature.

Key Words— Awaynat Wanin Formation, Middle to Late Devonian, Kerogen, Biomarker, Rock Eval, Murzuq Basin

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Understanding the interactions among soil properties,

salinity and the inorganic substances application is

great importance for improving growth of Coriander [Coriandrum sativum L.] in sandy soils. In the present

study, twenty seeds of Coriander were sown during the growing season 2016 to investigate the effe ct of some

inorganic substances [Bentonite, Nano selenium and Micronutrients mixture] on Coriander growth and

properties of sandy soil under salinity condition. A split plot design replicated thrice was used in this study.

The results indicated significa nt succeed in enhancing all estimated soil properties, such as available

nutrients in soil, EC, pH and bulk density. Besides, traits of coriander plant i.e., plant height, fresh, dry weights

and plant chemical composition. Therefore, it could be recommende d that adding of inorganic substances can

improve the sandy soil properties and growth parameters of coriander plant

Factorial field experiment was conducted to evaluate relationship between two genotypes of local wheat (Triticum aestivum) and phosphorus soil test values. The M 0.5 NaHCO₃ based (Olsen phosphorus) extractant was carried out on soils taken from the plots. The experiment was conducted at western region of Libya. Soil pH at the experimental site was 8.1 and the texture is sandy. The experiment was performed using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) method with three replicates for each treatment of phosphate fertilizer at concentrations of 0, 60, and 120 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 for both genotypes. Results were expressed by relative values (Relative Yield). Relative yield (RY) of the two wheat cultivars showed similar significant responses to both soil test values and the grain yield.  Linear relationship between relative yield and the grain yield at 0 kg P2O5 ha^-1 for both genotypes was found, whereas, non-linear relationship was noticed among treatments that received 120 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1. Both the linear and non- linear relationship have explained by tendency curves and showed how both genotypes response to phosphate fertilizer.

A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis has become a key tool used

by businesses for strategic planning. Scholars have conducted SWOT research for over six

decades. However, a collective understanding of SWOT analysis remains vague. This study

accessed, analyzed, and synthesized the SWOT literature, allowing for new theoretical

perspectives and frameworks to emerge. Using an integrative literature review, this study reviewed

SWOT studies historically, providing a greater understanding of the SWOT analysis in different

sectors and the different approaches used in SWOT studies. Furthermore, it fills the knowledge

gap in the strategic planning context and indicates meaningful implications for managers that could

help improve their strategic decisions.